Personality Theory in the Implementation of the Helping Process

Introduction In its simplest terms, personality refers to a dynamic and classified set of traits possessed by any person. A person’s personality is his or her distinctiveness. The characteristic of an individual uniquely affects his or her inspirations, cognitions, and conducts in various circumstances. Otherwise, neurologist Paul Roe came up with a more logical meaning of personality.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Personality Theory in the Implementation of the Helping Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He defines personality as â€Å"an individual’s tendency to reflect certain patterns of ideas, thus holding to a specific pattern of behavior† (Nga Sears, 2010, p. 1457). The field of personality psychology extends from comparatively easy experimental findings, through variations between individuals to a relatively philosophical exploration of life. Nevertheless, personality philosophers seem much often concerned with the unities among the persons. Since a theory helps in controlling, comprehending, explicating and predicting the reality, personality theories are those theories, which try to categorize people into distinct groups in terms of traits. In studying personality, verbal models come in handy. The personality theories comprise of the Locus of control, Personal Construct Psychology (PCP), Humanistic, Bio-psychological, Psychoanalytic, behaviorist and social cognitive theories (Barker Gower, 2010, p. 297). The concern of the paper is in the latter: the social cognitive theory. In this theory, people describe the behavior as directed by the expectations in the world. Cognitive theories of personality accentuate the cognitive processes like judgments and thoughts. The paper seeks to discuss the applications of social cognitive theory in skills and techniques, communication, basic problem-solving, ethnic diversity and its establishments using the helping relationship. Skills and techniques In social cognitive theory, the behavioral ability gives the facts and skills required in forming the desired behavior thus promoting mastery studying. A person can easily learn and retain the skills acquired through observation (Bitektine, 2011, p. 155). The social cognitive theory clarifies the concepts under which people obtain and or uphold certain behavioral patterns. The significance of such sequence of patterns is inevitable in the acquisition and application of skills. Otherwise, it also provides the foundation for intervention techniques that equips an individual with the correct techniques of reaching a solution to a specified problem. Assessing behavioral changes relies on the environmental aspects and the people’s behavior. Social cognitive theory presents skills and methods for planning, applying and evaluating different programs (Shu-ling Lin, 2007, p. 602). The environmental issues that provide the framework for unde rstanding a behavior are ether physical or social. Moreover, the social cognitive theory comprehends the mental signs of the environment, which influence an individual’s behavior.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More People may not be able to have a good perception of time, places and physical activities especially if they do not have cognitive skills. The environment may not constantly influence a certain behavior. Instead, it stands a chance to provide models for behavior. ‘‘Observational learning occurs when an individual observes the deeds of another person and the reinforcements, which the person obtains’’ (Barker Gower, 2010, p. 299). The ability of one’s behavior suggests that if a person is to execute a given observed conducts, he or she must acquaint himself or herself with the skills of performing it. In teaching, modeling is ver y important. It gives an alternative way of shaping and teaching new ideas. Operant conditioning uses unreliable shaping unlike social cognitive theory where modeling provides a faster and a more efficient technique for teaching new behavior. Otherwise, to promote effective modeling, teachers should make sure ‘‘that attention, retention, motor reproduction, and motivation’’ exist (Nga Sears, 2010, p. 1460). Self-regulation systems often give an effective method for improving the behavior of student. Nurturing an individual’s acceptable conducts requires not only skills and techniques as provided by the theory, but also good life skills for retention for instance communication skills. Communication The Social cognitive theory is applicable to health communication because it deals with the poignant, cognitive and behavioral facets in understanding behavioral transmutations. The principles and concepts of the social cognitive theory provide techniques for innovative behavioral investigation in health education (Sheldon Kennedy, 2008, p. 390). For instance, patients may perhaps create questions, which communicate their distress to health practitioners. Moreover, doctors employ self-efficacy ideas of social cognitive theory in helping patients drop some undesired behaviors using internal controls. In health reports, the theory supposes that people are more willing to believe in the information from others with similar conditions. As a result, the pain they suffer from reduces. Social cognitive theory finds its application in marketing and mass media. For instance, in marketing, one can use celebrities ‘‘to endorse and introduce a given product to a certain demographics’’ (Bitektine, 2011, p. 159). The media also uses social cognitive theory to promote the improvement of socioeconomic status and education in the developing nations. The theory stems the intended and unintended media effects. In addressing t he issue, the theory illustrates the influences the media has in determining the audience actions and conducts.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Personality Theory in the Implementation of the Helping Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The media educates people on undesirable behaviors through entertainments and health campaigns (Wingreen Blanton, 2007, p. 630). Consequently, majority will not be willing to engage in risky activities as those associated with punishment. Otherwise, when the media airs a harmful action without consequences, it may only strengthen the unwanted behaviors. Therefore, there is the need for it to participate much in solving rather than enhancing the evident behavioral problems. Basic problem solving In social cognitive theory, a person transfers the skills and knowledge acquired to solving various problems. Learning is speeded up when a person is able to examine the beha viors of others who are comparable to them (Bitektine, 2011, p. 162). Since the materials are within the socio-cultural awareness of the user, learning experience becomes more successful thereby boosting the possibility of the knowledge used in solving basic problems. Social cognitive theory also provides tactics used to cope with problems related to stress. Otherwise, a stress can adversely affect a person especially if he or she is not vanished with solution to such effects. Learning occurs when a person reflects upon and internalizes his or her accomplishments and failures. For instance, an individual can easily read a book on driving a car; however, he or she completes the learning only if the learner really drives successfully (Barker Gower, 2010, p. 300). The social cognitive theory postulates that a person completes learning when he or she reaches a solution to the related challenges. Through social cognitive theory, the learner will identify his or her ability to complete a challenging task. The theory provides a system that permits the learner to apply the information correctly and consistently in solving a problem. Self-regulation allows a person to organize his or her response when faced with externally inflicted stimuli. In order for behavioral adjustments to occur, the person must receive the feedback. In a learning setup, feedback techniques reinforce a behavior such that if the conduct is undesirable, then it is stopped (Nga Sears, 2010, p. 1465). Otherwise, the feedback becomes more sophisticated as the learners’ ability improve, thus enabling them improve and master the task. For instance, if the problem is to learn how to drive, the leaner needs to get a car on the road and apply the speed limits and signaling to achieve some good driving habits.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ethnic diversity People live in socio-cultural environment, which varies with their shared principles, conventions and social practices. Notwithstanding, they differ in their particular brands of individualism. Social cognitive theory compares the cultural differences from socialist to individualistic points of view. Moreover, the emotional mechanisms learnt in ‘‘a stimuli-response environment conducive to self-efficacy and observational learning remains facilitated by incorporating multimedia expressions of culturally responsive examples’’ (Shu-ling Lin, 2007, p. 605). In addition, the social cognitive theory helps in fostering good understanding between members of different ethnic backgrounds. Understanding and appreciating one’s culture creates harmonious existence of the people. As such, the complexity of the social problems reduces consequently due to the social theory. The diversity of the cultures makes them become dynamic social systems. The intercultural difference and intra-individual variation in the psychological orientation across the subject of functioning depicts cultural dynamism. The theory supposes that a person learns from others with similar traits (Barker Gower, 2010, p. 306). It thus seeks to find techniques of shaping human behavior in an advantageous manner. For instance, through social cognitive theory, schoolchildren learn desirable and undesirable social behaviors and morals by observing the conducts of different ethnic groups. The laxity and contextualization expresses the provisions of an individual’s behavior in a socially acceptable manner. Imitating and filtering values of a certain ethnic group is significant in promoting good morals in the society. Therefore, it encourages a communal life rather than eroding it. A person with ‘‘resilient efficacy and strong pro-social purpose often subordinates self-interest to the benefit of others’’ (Sheldon Kennedy, 2008, p. 392). For instance, parents in deprived environment with resilient source of efficiency decline to have their children development dictated by unfavorable circumstances. They therefore pass their influence on to things, which matter through imaginative effort and self-sacrifices. The adversities besiege people especially in an attempt to change their lives for the better through joint effort. Social cognitive conjecture eliminates dualism between personal action and ethereal collective configuration due to racial gusto. Since poverty is a socioeconomic aspect, which does not work in secluded causation, financial circumstances and family makeup influence behavior through their impacts on people’s sense of worth and aspirations. As people imitate the behavior of others, the theory promotes the spirit of sharing and peaceful coexistence of the groups. As a result, they nurture suitable methods of eradicating poverty-related problems. Establishments using the helping relations hip The ethics that and individual places on a given result and intrinsic motivation are very important. The significance of incentives in fostering a good can should be overemphasized. There are several opportunities ‘‘for self-monitoring, goal setting, problem solving, and self-reward’’ (Wingreen Blanton, 2007, p.643). Such prospects become important in understanding the relationship between the concepts. The social cognitive theory uses relationships that often relate to the societal problems. Precise and reliable approaches thus give solution to such challenges. The acquisition of behavior occurs by examination of the deeds and effects of others’ manners, which include realistic role models of the targeted group. A person’s action that changes the likelihood of reoccurrence promotes self-initiated incentives (Sheldon Kennedy, 2008, p. 396). He or she becomes confident in performing a particular behavior; by applying relationships and met hods, which ensure success. However, the negative relationships might still exist between the expected result and the presentation. Conclusion Social cognitive theory principally rejects behaviorism. As such, it decreases behaviorism from complex human conduct to simple cause and effect. Conversely, the propensity in times of yore has been to amalgamate the two into an ample speculation (Bitektine, 2011, p. 178). Notwithstanding, therapists employ the techniques from social cognitive and behaviorist theories to help their clients. Social cognitive theory is simply a subset of cognitive theory whose concerns is mostly on the manners in which people learn to model the behavior of others. Teachers and parents must model appropriate behaviors and take care that they do not model inappropriate behaviors. In education, teachers should expose learners to a range of models, which provide important techniques of smashing conformist stereotypes. The theory has various applications. The advert isements campaign in peer pressure circumstances uses social cognitive theory especially when reinforcing a certain acceptable behavior. In addition, it is helpful in the ‘‘treatment of psychological disorders including phobias’’ (Wingreen Blanton, 2007, p. 647). Social cognitive theory can also be helpful in ensuring successful AIDS campaign particularly with a suitable age group, proper gender and ethnicity. The adolescents will learn and understand because of peer influence. The conviction in a person’s personal ability often does not produce genuine assistances especially if the person requires a certain skill stage. Therefore, one cannot rely on a single theory to make a realistic conclusion of personality, as all the theories seem interrelated. References Barker, R., Gower, K. (2010). Strategic Application of Storytelling in Organizations: Toward Effective Communication in a Diverse World. Journal of business  Communication, 47(3), pp. 295 -312. Bitektine, A. (2011). Toward a Theory social Judgment of Organizations: The Case of Legitimacy, Reputation, and Status. Academy of Management Review, 36(1), pp. 151-179. Nga, E., Sears, G. (2010). The Effect of Adverse Impact in Selection Practices on Organizational Diversity. International Journal of Human Resource  Management, 21(9), pp. 1454-1471. Sheldon, L., Kennedy, E. (2008). Application of a model of Social Information Processing Nursing Theory: How Nurses Respond to Patients. Journal of  Advanced Nursing, 64(4), pp. 388-398. Shu-ling, W., Lin, S. (2007). The Application of Social Cognitive Theory to web-based Learning through Net Ports. British Journal of Educational Technology, 38(4), pp. 600-612. Wingreen, S., Blanton, J. (2007). A social Cognitive Interpretation of Person-Organization fitting: The Maintenance and Development of Professional Technical Competency. Human Resource Management, 46(4), pp.631-650. This research paper on Personality Theory in the Implementation of the Helping Process was written and submitted by user Abdiel Gentry to help you with your own studies. 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My assignment Essays

My assignment Essays My assignment Essay My assignment Essay My assignment is to reflect on what happens to you cognitively, linguistically, emotionally, and socially as you take part in online discussions(using Blackboard) , and to describe the kind of learning you experienced. It is always good to compare the experience of online discussion with what happens in the regular, face-to-face component of the class. You are to reflect globally on your experiences of the asynchronous discussions. I am interested in your comparison of the online written discussions to the oral discussions we are having in class, to any signs you notice that we are influenced by these written modes when we are in oral mode, whatever, I would expect to see some reference to the ideas we are reading about and discussing in class as you describe your own reaction to engaging in these kinds of discussions.I had three times asynchronous online discussions using blackboard (bulletin board) with my classmate in the semester. We were divided 4group by professor. We didn†™t meet in our classroom on those three days. Next class, we discussed about written discussion during 10minutes. We are to post three comments each day. One comment is to answer about professors’ question and two comments are to reflection about classmate’s comment. I read and post comments that represent a thought, or critical response, or question, or connection to other ideas you’ve formed in the past, in response to one of our reading.For the self-analysis paper, you just need to type up a description of your learning comparing how you learned on the online discussion versus the class discussion.Example: You reflect on how you read the articles in preparation for (or during) the asynchronous discussion.- Do you feel you understand those articles better, less well, or the same when compared to how you prepared for previous regular oral discussion? How would you describe your overall feelings about the asynchronous written discussion we just had (the second one) in terms of the following:a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the degree of involvement (as defined as psychological engrossment) you feltb.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the degree of enjoyment you experiencedc.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the degree to which you felt the discussion was useful to your learingMy background:I am an international Ph. D student (Korean).In class:I have been a thinker rather than a talker in most discussions. I don’t like speaking in front of many people. I learn the content I learn in class while listening to others verbalizes their ideas. Sometime, it’s not clear whether I understand certain content, but after listening to others’ personalized examples, it becomes clear.Online discussion:I can read all classmates’s thinking.ALSO, the professor often visited blackboard and she is too responsive to each comment.The attached file is Self-Analysis questionnaire.First, you must check each question of the attached file (questionnaire).Briefly exp lanationSecond, you have to write reflection paper based on the questionnaire and above explanation.First written discussionMy Comment: I never realized that there is so much affective traffic in the â€Å"classroom discussion boulevard.† This research also makes me understand how classroom discussion flows from contextual and personal factors to outputs of the discussion. Classroom discussion is not a simple sharing of thoughts! I have been a â€Å"thinker† rather than a talker in most discussions. I wanted to contribute to group discussions, but it was hard to do. The anxiety of talking in discussion was too high for me even though the student who usually being a talker may enjoy the challenge. So, I would like to raise a question about encouraging discussion. When I was a teacher, I wanted to assist a child to have an opportunity to tell her thought, but the appointed child burst into tears because of tension. I am wondering how I can make a thinker to express his/h er thought freely.Professor: As much as I try to be friendly and encourage MY students to feel comfortable in the discussion whether thinking as you call it or talking, I also have had it where a student started to cry rather than speak. Made me feel bad!I do think there are ways to get students to become more comfortable smaller groups, allow some reflection time, have everyone share what theyre quietly thought about and perhaps written down, giving the quiet student a leading role on a topic she is enthusiastic about, that sort of thing. But you do have to be sensitive and not get into a tug-of-war in the moment just for the sake of forcing the student to speak up!Second written discussionSubject: Constructivist views of learningMy Comment: I would like to talk about the two teachers’ story of â€Å"Expertise as Process.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"A typical day is full of anxiety and boredom,† says Csikszentmihalyi.â€Å"Flow experiences provide the flashes of intense living aga inst this dull background.†Flow occurs when a person skill level is perfectly balanced to the challenge level of a task. I think that the two teachers, Margot and Cynthia, have not so much challenge in their teaching lives because they are quite familiar and have enough skill in their job.How can they experience flow? Because they are in the Boredom area in the Flow chart of Csikszentmihalyi (please see the chart in the hand-out of Sep. 6th), there is two way that they can return to the flow channel. Firstly, they can enjoy if they can reduce their skill level. However, it seems impossible. Hence, the only clue to rescue them from the boredom is to increase the level of challenge. I think two types of challenge may be given to them. The first one is external reward. Promotion or bonus money through their students’ evaluation or academic achievement can be the motivation for the teachers.The second one is intrinsic motivation. I thought that the teachers would be more in volve in their teaching for its own sake if they could monitor the improvement of their students. The teachers can be rewarded internally if students and/or parents wrote thank you letter to them. Moreover, school district should develop some tool that helps teachers monitor their students’ improvement.;Me: Wilcox revealed that teachers have different expectation and treatment between upper middle class children and lower middle class children. Result of Rist and Collin are similar. Do teachers treat students differently by their parents ¿ social economy status or income? The relationship between student’s SES and academic achievement has been recognized as positive. Even though Collins insists that teachers ¿ responses differ by children’s class rather than by their skills, the lower class children of those studies can be classified as low achievement children in general. It means, teacher may treat students differently by their academic achievement, school behavior, and/or background. Looking back my elementary and secondary school years, teachers responded gently students from high SES families. However, some students from low SES families were loved by teachers because they got high achievement in academic tests.Hence, I guess we will have different picture if a research that investigate the different effects of student’s background, academic achievement, and school behavior.;Professor’s comment:   remember that the Rist article (I think thats the one) was reporting that the teachers were assigning the kids to different groups after one week of kindergarten. I know teachers can pick up a lot in one week with a child but that seems pretty fast to have decided who would be in the high, medium, and low reading group! So Panofsky is arguing that yes it may be achievement but the separation occurs too early to have it that the teacher would be going solely on achievement.Your comment raises another thought: So do teacher s, in your experience, ever love students who do average or below average work?Professor’s post: And, I want to add, teachers who are more aware of the fact that its partly a cultural and use of language difference rather than laziness or stupidity will slowly help ALL kids, even those from the majority social class, see that there are these beautiful differences in the world and that our job is to appreciate them all.Have any of you ever been in a position where you felt others were treating in a sense as a member of marked monority? It happened to me once when I went on a job interview and the weird thing is that I felt stupid and I couldnt figure out how to get out of that groove! It was so weird!Me: Dr. S,   I totally agree with you. The children from Low SES families should be given more opportunity than now. It is very important for them and for all. The children have the right to enjoy their school life. However, the children and their teachers have distinct achievem ent goals  Ã‚  under NCLB. Moreover, some kindergarteners should pass unlawfull elementary schools entrance screening. Im wondering how much the teachers can.My classmate: I see many of my excellent friends learned very well and quickly whoever the teachers are. As a non self-motivated student, the first thing I blame when I am not making good performance is the teacher. (What a shame on me!) Information nowadays is easy to access, and everyone has chance to become independent learners. But guiders are still needed to internalize information for learners.Me: Definitely discussion is more ZPD style than workwheets. Not only studnet, but also teacher should be familiar with each others culture. Both culture should be respected in their classroom. However, childrens some practices and customs from a culture should be reviewed and that is educators work. Teachers cultural bias, of course, should be revisited by herself and from any other route. Hence, I think it is not easy to positio n between respecting a culture and providing a new value. My Assignment Essays My Assignment Essay My Assignment Essay Hostel Management System We have two hostels in our Limkokwing University of Creative Technology (LUCT), which consist hostel in faculty and hostel outside of the faculty. These two hostels at present are managed manually by the hostel office. The Registration form verification to the different data processing is done manually. Thus there are a lot of repetitions which can be easily avoided. And hence there is a lot of strain on the person who are running the hostel and software’s are not usually used in this context. This particular project deals with the problems on managing a hostel and avoids the problems which occur when carried manually. Identification of the drawbacks of the existing system leads to the designing of computerized system that will be compatible to the existing system with the system which is more user-friendly and better organized. We can improve the efficiency of the system, thus overcome the drawbacks of the existing system. Advantages of Hostel Management System Student Hostel Management System is useful to perform the complete Hostel Management functionalities of any of the faculty of the university. * Base file Hostel creation, Block creation and Room Facility are defined in master file. * Other Main process such as Room location, Room Change and Room facilities are available in this Hostel Management System. Functional Feature:- * Creation of Building and Block information. * Provision for creating various room types (Single amp; Shared ). Room allotment to the student. * Online vacancy position of the room. * Student leave registers. * Monitoring Visitors and Guest register. * Provision for monitoring the student hostel activities. * Transfer of rooms Review about the current hostel managing system LUCT are using manual way in all their working activities, those activities includes using pen and paper to kept their hostel tenant records, using pen and paper to kept result information’s. Inadequate way of interaction with their students and management:- The way that the student is booking and canceling the hostel for every semester seems to be totally outdated and from the LUCT point of view is time consuming and not economically because if student needs to view their status on hostel, no matter how the far is, he must walk in to the management and make a cash payment for booking, which will cost them a lot of transport money and waste their time, and the poor thing here is some times the students may come from far away for them to booking the hostel room. Project Goals and Objectives As our main objective is providing LUCT an online hostel management system, we define some sub-objectives which will give clearer, fastest responds and make hostel file maintenance perfect. Those sub-objectives as follow: 1. Allow students to reserve their rooms from anywhere in the world. 2. Make payments via online. 3. Checking their room status via online. 4. Withdraw a room request online. 5. Maintain their hostel accounts via online. Project Scope The system will be finish in December 2010, and will be in use from January 2011. We will link this system with current student portal of Limkokwing, where we can restrict unknown users. After implementation of this system, for students who applying from overseas, Registry will give their student ID number earlier where a overseas student can book or reserve his hostel from his country in order to reduce trouble after he arrived to Limkokwing. This system will give accurate reports whenever administer needs and also it will provide some data like how many students are currently staying in hostel and clear view of hostel location for new student’s satisfaction.