12week Presessional Course Essays - English-language Education

12week Presessional Course Essays - English-language Education 12-week Pre-sessional Course Square 1 22nd June-24th July 2015 Name of TutorTutors room numberTutors email Coursebooks: Phillips, T. what's more, Phillips, A. (2013) Progressive Skills in English Level 4 Coursebook. Perusing: Garnet Phillips, T. what's more, Phillips, A. (2013) Progressive Skills in English Level 4 Workbook. Perusing: Garnet OConnell, S. (2010) Focus on IELTS. Harlow: Pearson Terry, M and Wilson, J. (2010) Focus on Academic Skills for IELTS. Harlow: Pearson NB These books are accessible nearby at Blackwells bookshop. multi week course Week 122nd - 26th JuneRoom 4C02 Week 1MondayTuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Enlistment 9.30 Main Info Point Visa/record check: Visa center Acceptance 10.30 11 2B020 Grounds visit 11-12 LUNCH 12-1 _______________________________ 1pm Students go to study hall 4C02 Scholastic enlistment: Course diagram 9.3011amProgressive Skills Subject 1 Dynamic Skills Subject 1 Concentrate on IELTS Concentrate on IELTS 11am-11.30BREAKBREAKBREAKBREAK 11.30-1pmProgressive Skills Subject 1 Voyage through Bristol/Police Registration Meet understudy envoys at Bus Stops at 11.30amFocus on IELTS Concentrate on IELTS 1-2pmLUNCHLUNCHLUNCH 2pm-3.30Progressive Skills Subject 1 Concentrate on IELTS Concentrate on IELTS multi week course Week 229th June-third JulyRoom 4C02 Week 2Monday ALTuesday ALWednesday ALThursday ALFriday AL 9.30 - 11.00 Dynamic Skills Subject 2Progressive Skills Subject 2Focus on IELTS Concentrate on IELTS Understudy Presentations: PCs and the vision-debilitated 11.00 11.30BREAKBREAKBREAKBREAKBREAK 11.30 - 1.00 Dynamic Skills Subject 2Progressive Skills Subject 2Focus on IELTS Concentrate on IELTS 1.00-2.00LUNCHLUNCHLUNCHLUNCHLUNCH 2.00 - 3.30 Dynamic Skills Subject 2Progressive Skills Subject 2Focus on IELTS Concentrate on IELTS Self-study task: Portfolio task A.B, C p 67. Set up an introduction for Friday Composed task: Write an article about the guide that you explored in Ex C (p 67) multi week course Week 36th - tenth JulyRoom 4C02 Week 3 Monday ALTuesday ALWednesday ALThursday ALFriday AL 9.30 - 11.00 Dynamic Skills Subject 3Progressive Skills Subject 3Focus on IELTS Concentrate on IELTS Understudy banter: TV programs that include the mortification of candidates ought to be restricted 11.00 11.30BREAKBREAKBREAKBREAKBREAK 11.30 - 1.00 Dynamic Skills Topic 3Progressive Skills Topic 3Focus on IELTS Concentrate on IELTS 1.00-2.00LUNCHLUNCHLUNCHLUNCHLUNCH 2.00 - 3.30 Dynamic Skills Topic 3Progressive Skills Topic 3Focus on IELTS Concentrate on IELTS Self-study task: Portfolio task A, B: Prepare contentions for banter for Friday. Composed task: To what degree should unscripted television programs be constrained by TV controllers? multi week course Group Week 413th - seventeenth JulyRoom 4C02 Week 4Monday ALTuesday ALWednesday ALThursday ALFriday AL Dynamic Skills Topic 4Progressive Skills Topic 4Focus on IELTS Concentrate on IELTSStudent conversation: The positive and negative parts of maturing populace 11.00 11.30BREAKBREAKBREAKBREAKBREAK Dynamic Skills Subject 4Progressive Skills Subject 4Focus on IELTS Concentrate on IELTS 1.00-2.00LUNCHLUNCHLUNCHLUNCHLUNCH 2.00 - 3.30 Dynamic Skills Subject 4Progressive Skills Subject 4Focus on IELTS Concentrate on IELTS Self-study task: Portfolio p 127 arrangement/research for conversation on Friday Composed task: Choose either Assignment 1 or Assignment 2 p127 multi week course Group Week 520th 24th JulyRoom 4C02 Week 5Monday ALTuesday ALWednesday ALThursday ALFriday AL Dynamic Skills Subject 5Progressive Skills Subject 5Focus on IELTS Concentrate on IELTSStudent Presentations: Effects on the earth 11.00 11.30BREAKBREAKBREAKBREAKBREAK Dynamic Skills Subject 5Progressive Skills Subject 5Focus on IELTS Concentrate on IELTS 1.00-2.00LUNCHLUNCHLUNCHLUNCHLUNCH 2.00 - 3.30 Dynamic Skills Subject 5Progressive Skills Subject 5Focus on IELTS Concentrate on IELTS Self-study task: Portfolio assignments C, D p 159.

Commercial Cycles and Global Indication †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Commercial Cycles and Global Indication. Answer: Presentation: It happens when laborers lose their work because of the downturns that exist in the business cycle. The total national output is utilized to tell when business contracts. Given that the economy contracts for at any rate two quarters, at that point it is supposed to be in a downturn. At the point when the economy returns to the period of extension in the business cycle the board, the individuals who are not utilized or were laid off will reappear the activity showcase. Recurrent work is brief since it relies upon the withdrawal length. A downturn is average on the off chance that it goes on for year and a half. A downturn on the opposite side can keep going for even ten years (Layard et al, 2013 pg. 71). Frictional joblessness It happens when laborers desert their work to scan for improved ones.in most events, this sort of joblessness occurs on an intentional premise, however in different cases, it tends to be because of the end of an occupation with a given reason. The term grating is utilized to show the time, exertion and the consumption that is utilized by a specialist to secure some new position positions (Layard et al, 2013 pg. 81). Much of the time, grating isn't avoidable since laborer need to search for new chances, go to interviews and need to move even before setting up new position openings. Be that as it may, frictional joblessness is much of the time a transient type of joblessness. This sort of joblessness alludes to the crisscross that exists between the employments that are accessible contrasted with the skills.it isn't brought about by the powers of business cycle the executives like the repeating joblessness yet by different powers. It occurs in the cases whereby the movements in the economy makes it hard for some given gatherings of individuals to secure positions. This sort of joblessness can keep the pace of joblessness high considerably after the downturn is gone (Layard et al, 2013 pg. 112). This alludes to a working agreement whereby a specialist is utilized for a given period in a year, and when the agreement lapses, at that point the laborer stays jobless. Models, where request, creation, and work are occasional, incorporate the travel industry and recreation and retailing (Layard et al, 2013 pg. 121). The interest bend is descending: The principal purpose behind the descending slanting bend is with impact with the Pigous riches impact. From the essential information, we realize that the ostensible incentive for cash is fixed. Be that as it may, the genuine worth is for the most part relied upon the degree of costs. This in light of the fact that a lower cost level makes the buying capacity to increment in every money. At the point when the cost level goes down, at that point the shoppers will in general become wealthier and thus the purchaser spending increments. Thus a drop in the cost level causes the clients to spend all the more along these lines expanding the total interest (Layard et al, 2013 pg. 140). The subsequent thinking is concerning Keynes paces of premium that the amount estimation of cash that is required is dependent upon the degree of costs. Elevated level of costs implies that it will take the customer a great deal of cash to buy the enormous amounts. This implies the customers could purchase more supplies if the costs were low. This makes the clients keep huge measures of cash at the bank. The monstrous amounts in the bank make the bank to build the advances and in this way to diminish the loan fees. A drop in cost hence causes a decrease in the loan fee and afterward causes an expansion in the speculation lastly raise the degree of total interest (Layard et al, 2013 pg. 154). Increment in the paces of premium lessens the customer spending and furthermore the venture lastly prompting the total fall popular for the Australian dollar. At the point when the total interest goes down, at that point the gracefully additionally will in general go down. Lower total interest will cause: A negative financial development normally known as the downturn Higher paces of joblessness Decrease in the use on imports and expanded rivalry fair and square of fares. The graph beneath shows the impacts of financing costs on total interest (Layard et al, 2013 pg. 167). Independence in the fiscal strategy Under classification, states can actualize the self-sufficient financial strategies with the goal that they can address issues of expansion and furthermore yield. Since the financial approaches influence the paces of swelling, governments reserve the option to determine on their since quite a while ago run pace of expansion which don't need to gain expansion rates from different nations, a case that is seen under the fixed conversion standard (Baxter Stockman, 2012 pg. 188). The requirement for the support of both the inside and outside equalization in a metallic standard depends on a contention that the last causes fixed pace of swapping scale. Given that the costs of cash are fixed and that any areas creation and different factors in the economy are modified, the conversion scale can't along these lines change. The last prompts grating in the monetary framework in general (Baxter Stockman, 2012 pg. 165). This is the essential shortcoming. The changes in the trade rates are increasingly apparent contrasted with the suggestion set somewhere around the essentials (Baxter Stockman, 2012 pg. 185). Broadened use for the instance of fiscal strategy The burden of the capacity to utilize direct the purported free monetary strategies the board is the ability of making higher paces of expansion. The expansionary or contractionary monetary methodologies can give a talk to the recessionary or the inflationary loads (Baxter Stockman, 2012 pg. 190). The dependability in costs shows that there are insignificant changes in costs and they are normal. The figure that most cases influences the solidness of costs is the monetary approach. The short run changes in any nation can be reduced by the metallic measures and are likewise called business cycle. The thinking behind the diminishing in the essentialness in the items might be lying in the steadiness of costs. The national banks are required to have coming up, enough measure of stores under the metallic standard for them to keep up their equality in gold and furthermore be in control of additional gold to intercede for the trade rates (Baxter Stockman, 2012 pg. 145). Makers of the metal that is in the metallic principles impact the macroeconomic conditions in the nations that have the metallic norm (Baxter Stockman, 2012 pg. 165). Work refered to Baxter, M. what's more, Stockman, 2012. Business cycles and the conversion scale rgime: some worldwide Indication.Periodical of budgetary Economics,15(5), p 456-497. Layard, P, Layard, Nickell and Jackman, 2013. Joblessness: full scale monetary authorization implied and the work showcase. Oxford University Press on Demand.

Bleary-eyed

Bleary-eyed Probably one of the most linked-to/referred-to posts on this site is Ben Jones famous Its More Than A Job post from March 2006. Ive read and re-read it so many times, and it rings true to me every single time (except the statistics in there, of course, have gotten even crazier e.g., the admit rate is now 9.6% instead of 13%). This post will not be as eloquent as Bens, but is certainly in the same vein and is every bit as heartfelt. A few weeks ago, I had an epiphany of sorts. I finally experienced, in true form, what the term bleary-eyed really means. Mind you, I was the type of student that had pulled several all-nighters in high school, and even more at MIT as an undergrad (many for studying/academic reasons, but many more because I was having fun staying up late and just hanging out with friends). When mixing and producing albums for my a cappella group, we pulled week-long mixing sessions where I rotated on 4-5 hours of sleep every 30 hours or so for a week. In other words, Ive had my fair share of sleep deprivation and utter exhaustion but never had I actually experienced, first-hand, being truly bleary-eyed. This year marked the first year we went fully online in our admissions reading process; that is, nearly all application components were either scanned, downloaded, or somehow transmogrified into electronic PDF format. On the plus side, this meant no more having to lug buckets/backpacks/tote bags/suitcases (yes, suitcases) full of paper folders back and forth from the office to read them. My legs and back have been supremely thankful for that. On the minus side, this meant that in addition to the ~12 hours a day I already spend looking at a computer, Id be spending even more trying to read tiny essays (Im lookin at you, word-limit violators!), handwritten recommendations, upside-down transcripts, and more. My eyes have not been thankful for that. Seventeen-thousand, nine-hundred and nine applications. At least five (often six or seven) rounds of committee review before final admissions decisions are set. Nineteen staff readers. For many students (admitted or not), that PDF application gets seen by many, many eyes, from the time it gets its first review until the last committee deliberation. We read about your family life and your upbringing. We learn about your proudest moments and how you overcame your downfalls. We talk about what it must be like for you to live your everyday life, and how much your teachers and guidance counselors (and interviewers, for those that had them) love you and cant stop raving about you. And sometimes as hard as we often try not to, because we know the reality that less than 1 out of every 10 will be admitted we get attached. We make that leap from reading words on a page and seeing cold numbers on a screen to getting attached to you as a person. We start giving you nicknames, imagining you on campus, and hypothesizing where youll live and who youll hang out with. (We sometimes even consider matchmaking, and then decide thats way too creepy.) But anyways, back to the original point of this story. It was on this day, just a couple weeks ago, after having been in committee for 4 days straight, with another 7 days of committee ahead (no no breaks for weekends) that I got home, laid down in bed, and tears just started to flow. They werent tears of sadness, or happiness (at first). My eyes were just exhausted. I was exhausted. My eyes burned, cried out in pain. As I closed them, I thought back upon the months of January and February, and how Id spent nearly every single day staring at a computer screen, reading or discussing one applicant or another. Hundreds upon thousands of lives and stories The tears then turned to sadness sadness that many of my favorites would not get admitted, and for all the work and effort that was put into the admissions process, wed be able to say yes to so few. Sleep was no relief I tossed and turned all night, as vivid dreams of applicants and admissions decisions continued to flow through my head as my subconscious recounted the days passed and worried about the days to come. Did we admit that kid? What happened to that other person? Did he make it through committee? I hope theres room for her The next morning, I woke up, and rubbed my encrusted eyes. Put on my glasses, and blink, blink the world was still blurry. I could hardly see straight, and my eyes were still sore. Several more blinks, and my vision wouldnt come into focus. I then realized, truly, what being bleary-eyed meant. I washed my face, let my eyes wake up, and still tired, headed off to work for another day, another week of committee. Rinse and repeat, so went the days wake up, committee, dinner, email, (attempted) sleep. I knew there would be joy for some, but for many more, there would be heartache. There would be times Id take a step back, and just reflect upon how everything seemed so utterly ridiculous. For so many of the students we werent admitting, was there anything wrong with them? Could they have done anything better or differently? No. That was the cold, hard truth. But there simply wasnt enough room in the class. They were all amazing in their own ways, but we had to make unbelievably tough choices. I tell this story not out of angst or in hopes of pity; I tell it to share my personal feelings, and to let you know that the decisions we make are never easy nor flippant; saying no is never fun. That said, this doesnt change the news you received. I cant (and dont) expect any of this to change how you feel about it. But I do hope it gives you some insight into what its like for us on the other side. Whether you were admitted or not, or still on the waitlist, I just want to say thank you. Youve allowed us to read about you, care about you, and get to know you almost as if Ive been able to sit with you in your home and hear a snapshot of your life story. Many times, my friends, family (and even I myself) ask why I do this job the long hours, the nonstop reading, the endless heartache and I tell them that in the end, its worth it and I love it. I love getting to read every story, learn about every person, and feel as though Ive traveled around the world without having left the comfort of my own home. So many of you have poured so much of yourselves, your time, and your energy into the application and the process, and I want you to know that regardless of the outcome, none of that goes to waste. We are all better for having read and heard your stories. So again, I thank you and applaud you all. With love, Mikey

Essay about The Grey Area - 1545 Words

The Grey Area Now in the twenty-first century a college degree is required to have a good, steady and reliable career. Years ago people could get a job based upon good standing in their community. Like my great- grandmother use to always say â€Å"I use to get a loan based on a handshake and now they want this credit history crap†. Years ago people worked and retired at one job, not anymore. In the year of 2011 a high school diploma or a GED will not get somebody very far unless you aspire to become an entrepreneur (and that even depends on what you do). With the constant rise of a college education students no matter what age will come across one aspect, financial aid. For most college student’s financial aid is a nightmare and there are so†¦show more content†¦The process for financial aid is a long, strenuous and a pertinent process. Before even attempting to fill out the FASFA (Federal Student Aid) form a student needs his or her social security number (both the student and the parents), drivers license, previous years w-2 form (both student and parents), previous year federal income tax return and current bank statements. Once the student gathers all required information and fills out the form entirely the waiting process then begins. The student will then be sent a Student Aid Report (SAR) which will include the Expected Family Contribution (EFC) and the types of aid for which the student is eligible for. The Expected Family Contribution (EFC) is a measure of the family’s financial strength and is calculated according to a formula established by law. The familys taxed and untaxed income, assets, and benefits (such as unemployment or Social Security) are all considered in the formula. Also considered are the families’ size and the number of family members who will attend college or career school during the year. Students can fall into one of two categories, dependent or independent. For a student to be considered independent he or she must be at least one of the following: twenty-four years old, married, enrolled in a graduate or post-bachelor degree program, can claim others as legalShow MoreRelatedRacism : Defining The Grey Area2132 Words   |  9 PagesRacism: Defining the Grey Area Introduction It’s either black or white, right? This is a common misconception heard in relation to many contentions involving racial controversies in America, and sadly, more often than not, it is assumed to be true. The racial, or rather ethnic, and social injustices in the United States are under the unsubstantial influential power of, what is deemed by most philosophers as, the â€Å"black/white paradigm†. â€Å"Juan Pera defines this paradigm as â€Å"the conception thatRead MoreThe Grey Areas Of Gated Communities1518 Words   |  7 Pages The Grey Areas of Gated Communities Faress Alakwaa What are gated communities? Is not a high-rise condo with lobby security just another form of gated community? What other kinds of gated communities are there? Find Toronto examples to illustrate your points. Roughly 8 million Americans, which is about 3% of America’s households, live in gated communities with dividers and entryways in the end of the 1990’s. This number is difficult to monitor and estimate as the real estate market evolvesRead MoreAdvisor For Earl Grey s The Fight For Transylvania s 7th District1250 Words   |  5 PagesHunter Garrison GVPT473: 0102 12/18/15 Final Paper: Advisor for Earl Grey In the fight for Transylvania’s 7th District, two candidates have a tough campaign to lead, however Republican Earl Grey has a slight upper hand in a couple different ways. He already has the quest of bringing jobs to his district, while Democrat Jack Wolfman seems unclear about his definitive goals. Grey also has recorded evidence to him going in a different direction than the Tea Party, which can help him claim the moderateRead MoreThe Congo African Grey Parrots1384 Words   |  6 PagesThe Congo African Grey parrots are a wonderful breed of bird. They are commonly between 26 to 32 cm in length and usually around 450g. They are grey in colour, with a solid black beak, and a red tail. The average lifespan for a Congo African Grey parrot is 50 years old, though they have been know to live to around 80 years old. Congo African Grey parrots are renowned as being one of the most intelligent birds. Congo African Grey parrots have an excellent ability to talk and to mimic sounds and wordsRead MoreSummary Of Rachel Golds ConceivingPregnancy?1399 Words   |  6 Pageshe also backed his claim up with facts that show that Ms. Gold is promoting the Planned Parenthood preferred definition that pregnancy begins once the zygote has been implanted into the lining of the woman’s uterus, Ms. Gold then adds grey to the already grey area by saying that the ACOG, The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, classifies â€Å"conception† properly means implantation, Gacek refutes this exact point by bringing in evidence that explains how there still is no medical-scientificRead MoreWhat Determines the Perceived Brightness of Objects?1745 Words   |  7 Pagescan be explained by the centre/surround organisation of retinal ganglion cells. The organisation means that the response of the ganglion cell to stimulation of one portion of its receptive field, (the area to which a ganglion cell is sensitive), can be modified by stimulation of a neighbouring area. This interaction between antagonistic regions is caller lateral inhibition. If an ON-centre receptive field, that is the centre is stimulated by light and the surround is inhibited by light, is placedRead MoreWhat Classification Does The Grey Shanked Douc Langur Fall Under?1580 Words   |  7 Pages Another difference is the opposable thumbs which the old world primates possess, and the new world monkeys do not. What classification does the Grey-Shanked Douc Langur fall under? What are its origins, traits and other information pertaining to this species? This project pertains to the pygathrix cinerea or which it is more commonly know as the grey- shanked douc Monkey . It falls under the animalia kingdom, the chordata phylum, the mammalia class, the primates order, and the cercopithecidaeRead MoreJourney: the North Coast Analysis Essay777 Words   |  4 PagesHow are ideas conveyed in ‘Journey: The North Coast’? Robert Grey is an imagist who paints with words. Using imagery in his poems, Grey is able to visually communicate emotions and ideas. His poetry is concerned with the urbanisation effects on Australian nature and changes it brought within the lifestyle. This is metaphorically expressed in the poem ‘Journey: The North Coast’ as he dwells on the sheer beauty that can be found in the natural world in contrast to the alienated environments manufacturedRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1297 Words   |  6 Pagesof the pig having colours which can count as human emotions. Red means anger, white means peace, black means misery, and grey is the mix of both black and white. The various shades of grey mean different amounts of peace and misery are mixed. Darker grey portrays more misery while lighter grey depicts more peace. The head of the pig is shaded white, many different shades of grey, and black. The shading down the spectrum was not blended at all as if the illu strator of the picture wanted to show theRead MoreClose Analysis of the Beginning of Chapter 2 of the Great Gatsby1025 Words   |  5 Pages The colour grey is repeatedly mentioned: ‘ash-grey’, ‘grey cars’, ‘grey land’ and the name valley of ‘ashes’ makes the reader imagine this colour. The contrast with chapter one, at Tom and Daisy Buchanan’s house, is clear: ‘a cheerful red-and-white †¦ glowing now with reflected gold’ – the constant mention of bright, vibrant colour and light implies how different the two places, and also the two different types of people are. The eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg are ‘above’ the grey land, giving

Summary Of The Type Of Book By Jean Louise Finch

Genre:The type of book this is, is realistic fiction, because they are in a fictional town and fictional people are in there, but events in there can really happen in the reality .They live in a small town in Alabama in the 1930’s were racial relations has occurred.Overall,we know that the genre is realistic fiction because they live in a town that is fictional and they’re fictional people but real events happens. Point of View:The point of view of this book is the first person.I say this because everything is seen in Scout’s eyes in this book.She is the narrator of this book because not only she speaks a lot everyone and everything is in her view,so she has the control of the story and what she thinks of the character’s in it. Protagonists:The main characters of the story is Jean Louise Finch but some people call her Scout she is the main character and she is the daughter of Atticus Finch,the sister of Jeremy Finch, the friends of Boo Radley and Dill Harris.Another character in the book is Jem which is the brother of Scout and also the friend of Dill but he despises Boo Radley.Atticus is the father of both Jem and Scout, he is a lawyer who defends a â€Å"black man† in court.Dill is a friend of Jem and Scout, but he has feelings for Scout.Although Boo Radley doesn t talk during this book he is an very important part of the book because he puts the blanket over Scout after a fire had happened, he also saved her from getting killed. Antagonist:The person that is making theShow MoreRelatedTeaching Middle and High School Students Literature7100 Words   |  29 Pagesin the discussion. It motivates them in giving their point of view of the selection being read. Short Story Selections: The Scarlet Ibis (1987) by James Hurst. Publisher: Creative Education; Paperback: 128 pages ISBN: 0886820006 – Young Adult Summary: Ashamed of his younger brothers physical handicaps, an older brother teaches him how to walk and pushes him to attempt more strenuous activities. Invite the students to share responses to what causes us to be cruel to someone we love?Read MoreEssay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson30092 Words   |  121 PagesBookRags, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The following sections of this BookRags Premium Study Guide is offprint from Gales For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.  ©1998-2002;  ©2002 by Gale. Gale

Macro Environment Factors Free Essays

Introduction The purpose of this report is to demonstrate an understanding of the marketing macro environment. The proposed research question was: Identify the macro environmental factors and discuss the impact this macro environmental factors will have on the industry or organizations involved. Firstly, this report will summaries the article, identify and explain the issues written in article. We will write a custom essay sample on Macro Environment Factors or any similar topic only for you Order Now Followed is the definition and explain of macro environmental factors involved. Then the report topic will moving to the industry concerned and have a discussion of the impact that this macro environment factors will have on the industry. Finally there is a short conclusion highlighting the main points of this report. 2. 0 Summaries The article comes from DOWJONES mainly discussed some specialists’ standpoints of the change of Aussie dollar’s exchange rate and the reason of this fluctuate. In addition, this article analyzed the situation of those industries which can be affected by these economic environment factors. According to this article, tight monetary policy may be used causing by worldwide inflation. With the dropping and down of the interest rate, many industries may be effected directly, such as manufacturing industry, real estate industry and tourism industry. (Webb, Richard. 2011) The reason the article is being written is to show the change of the economic environment and give information to those people who want to understand the external marketing environment, such as marketers. Unless marketing managers understand the external environment, the organization cannot intelligently plan for the future. (Lamb,Charles et al. ,2009) For example, marketers come form real estate industry must scanning the macro-economic environment because macro-economic factors such as inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates impact on mortgage affordability and the real value of mortgage repayments over time. ( Boamah, Nicholas. Addai, 2010) 3. 0 Macro environment factors The external marketing environment consists of sociocultural, economic, technological, political and legal, and competitive variables. ( Lamb,Charles et al. ,2009) This article mainly discussed the situation of inflation, which is one of the economic environment factors. Inflation is a general rise in prices without a corresponding increase in wages, which results in decreased purchasing power. ( Lamb,Charles et al. ,2009) According to the article, there are diverse views on where the Aussie is heading, and this direction is critical for interest rates. In the worst case, Michael Workman predicted that later in the year where the local currency will be falling sharply at the same time the price of the manufactured goods we import by the container-shipload form China continues to rise. † (Webb, Richard. 2011) As mentioned, the manufacturing industry may face the raising price of those goods import form other countries because the falling of local currency. The second point is Re serve Bank of Australia may increase interest rate to cut down the influence of inflation. That would take the home mortgage rates higher at the same time, which means people must pay more interests to the bank to get the loan. Then the real estate industry will be affected directly. Another industry will be influenced is tourism industry. With the higher currency price, people tend to go for an overseas holiday. The local tourism is being decimated. The tourism industry is also involved in the competitive environment. ( Webb, Richard. 2011) 4. 0 Industry involved In this article, three main industries are concerned: manufacturing industry, real estate industry and tourism industry. 5. 0 Impact of the factors As the discussion above in 3. 0, these industries are all affected by the inflation. In time of low inflation, business seeking to increase their profit margins can do so only by increase their efficiency. If they significantly increase price, no one will purchase their goods or services. In higher inflationary times, marketers use a number of pricing strategies to cope, and must be aware that inflation causes consumers either to build up or diminish their brand loyalty. Inflation pressures consumers to make more economical purchases, while still attempting to maintain their standard of living. (Lamb,Charles et al. 2009) From the article, the Australia local manufacturing industry was suffering as imports become extremely competitive and our exports more expensive. As same as the manufacturing industry, the local tourism industry also faced the international competitors. The original factor of this situation is the negative economic environment. Followed the inflation, the Reserve Ba nk of Australia tend to carry out the tight fiscal policy to control the economic environment. So numbers of experts indicated that interest rate would increase. With the increase of interest rate, the price of currency may tend to higher. High record of currency will lead to different situation in different area. For customers, this will be a good chance to buy import goods and services. But for local industries, marketing managers must try to collect and evaluate environmental information and then creating marketing strategies to cope with inflation. (Lamb,Charles et al. ,2009) 6. 0 Conclusion The mainly factor of these three industries is economic environment; other factors also play a significant role in these industries, such as political and legal environment and competitive environment. These factors affect marketing together. Reference list Boamah, Nicholas. Addai. (2010). The impact of the macro-economic environment on institutional housing finance in Ghana. Housing finance international, Vol. 25, Issue 2, p28-34. Lamb,Charles. ,W. ,Hair,Joseph. ,F. ,McDaniel,Carl. ,Summers,Jane. ,Gardiner,Michael. (2009). MKTG(1ST Asia-Pacific edition). South Melbourne, Australia: Paul Petrulis. Webb, Richard. (2011, March 27. ) Trading with fire: Sunday age. How to cite Macro Environment Factors, Papers

Practical Introduction Australian Tax Law â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Practical Introduction Australian Tax Law? Answer: Introducation Accrued Wages: Accrued wages should be viewed as the expense which is incurred in the form of either on regular basis or on the periodically basis. In the present context it can be stated that accrued wages is an expense that can be regarded as the allowable deductions in compliance with section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997 (Coleman Sadiq, 2013). Advertisement: Expenses on advertisement can be viewed as the allowable expenses that is incurred for business in the nature of outgoing that successfully meets the criteria of the positive limb in respect of the section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997 (Harris et al., 2014). Depreciation: Depreciation can be considered as the outgoing that is incurred in respect of the section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997. A deductions can be claimed by an individual till the extent it is related to work purpose. Interest: An individual tax payer paying interest on loan will be treated as the allowable deductions for expenditure in respect of the section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997. The reason for considering the interest as the deductions because it meets the criteria for positive limbs under section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997 (Kenny, 2013). Insurance on plant and equipment: An individual taxpayer can claim allowable deductions under section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997 for the expenses incurred on Insurance on plant and equipment because such expenses are incurred under the positive parts of the section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997 Lease Payments: Lease payments are treated as the business operating expenditure that is incurred by the taxpayer for the regular business functions. Hence, it can be stated that lease expenditure is regarded as the expenditure that are positively incurred in respect of the section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997 (Kenny et al., 2017). The taxpayer on gaining taxable income of the business generally incurs such expenses. Provision for long service leave: An individual taxpayer in respect of the section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997 can bring forward the claim of claiming allowable deductions relating to the provision for long service leave. In fact, provision for long service is treated as the expenses that is incurred under the section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997 with the objective of producing taxable income of the business. Repairs: An individual taxpayer can claim for allowable deductions under section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997 for the cost that is incurred on the repairs of tools and equipment (Keyzer et al., 2014). The taxpayer is entitled to claim deductions only to the extent that such tools and equipments are related in the production the business income. Therefore, expenses on repairs fulfils the positive limbs of section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997. Staff training: An individual taxpayer can claim allowable deductions in respect of section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997 for the expenses that are incurred in the process of staff training given that the training is directly related for the revenue producing capacities of the employee and meets the positive criteria of the section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997. Taxation expenses: An individual taxpayer incurring expenditure related to taxation expenses can claim allowable deductions in respect of section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997 because it is associated with the business expenditure which is incurred in compliance of the positive limbs of section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997. It is disallowed from being considered as the balancing adjustment events in respect of the section 40-295. In respect of the section 40-295 it is disallowed from being considered as the balancing adjustment events (Krever, 2013). Even though there has been a change in the ownership of the asset from completely business use of the asset to private use however it is not put into the use for gaining assessable income. By starting to use the asset for deriving taxable income, which was previously held with the objective of trading stock, would not be treated as the balancing adjustment events. In respect of the section 40-295, a balancing adjustment takes only when the asset is taken into the considerations for trading stock. In respect of such circumstances it will be treated in the form of balancing adjustment because the commercial firm has the interest in the asset with the objective of deriving income in spite of the change (Morgan et al., 2013). As a result of this, it is treated as the balancing adjustment event in respect of the section 40-295. As evident in the current situation, a balancing adjustment has taken place in respect of the section 40-295 because the car was in the previous instances put into use for business activities with the interest of the ownership still prevailing after the change (Nethercott et al., 2015). Hence, it will be treated as the balancing adjustment event in regard to the section 40-295. In accordance with the taxation ruling of TR 94/D20 it can be stated that the sum received as the compensation from personal injury would be treated as the taxable income in respect of the Subsection 25 (1) of the ITAA 1936 (Woellner, 2013). In the present context, the amount that is received by Yen would be treated as the weekly basis payment and it will be accounted as the taxable income as salary which will be attracting tax liability. As evident from the current situation, it can be stated that Yen had received a compensation for the loss of finger. The sum that is received as the compensation due to the physical loss would be treated as personal injury. In compliance with the Subsection 25 (1) of the ITAA 1936 amount that is received as the compensation is associated with the personal injury and does not attracts tax liability. In other words, it is a tax free component and Yen is not required to pay tax on such receipt. In the present context, the amount of ambulance that is received by Yen is treated as the fringe benefit and therefore he is required to include the amount in the taxable income. The amount that is received under the Social security disability support pension must be observed in the form of income. These kinds of income are generally treated as the taxable income and it should be included in the year it is received. In respect of Section 25 (1) of the ITAA disability support payment is observed as income and attracts tax liability (Woellner et al., 2014). In the present situation, the amount of disability support payment can be treated as income since it represents as the lost income at the time of injury. As stated under Subsection 25 (1) these amounts should be included at the time of filing return. Reference List: Coleman, C., Sadiq, K.Principles of taxation law 2013. Harris, J., Graw, S., Gilders, F., Kenny, P., Van der Waarden, N.2014 Theory and law in the regulation of business. Kenny, P. (2013).Australian tax 2013. Chatswood, N.S.W.: LexisNexis Butterworths. Kenny, P., Blissenden, M., Villios, S.Australian tax 2017. Keyzer, P., Goff, C., Fisher, A.Principles of Australian constitutional law. 2014 Chatswood: LexisNexis Butterworths. Krever, R. (2013).Australian taxation law cases 2013. Pyrmont, N.S.W.: Thomson Reuters. Morgan, A., Mortimer, C., Pinto, D. (2013).A practical introduction to Australian taxation law. North Ryde [N.S.W.]: CCH Australia. Nethercott, L., Devos, K., Gonzaga, L. 2015 Australian taxation study manual. Woellner, R. (2013).Australian taxation law 2012. North Ryde [N.S.W.]: CCH Australia. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C., Pinto, D.Australian taxation law 2014.

Personality Theory in the Implementation of the Helping Process

Introduction In its simplest terms, personality refers to a dynamic and classified set of traits possessed by any person. A person’s personality is his or her distinctiveness. The characteristic of an individual uniquely affects his or her inspirations, cognitions, and conducts in various circumstances. Otherwise, neurologist Paul Roe came up with a more logical meaning of personality.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Personality Theory in the Implementation of the Helping Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He defines personality as â€Å"an individual’s tendency to reflect certain patterns of ideas, thus holding to a specific pattern of behavior† (Nga Sears, 2010, p. 1457). The field of personality psychology extends from comparatively easy experimental findings, through variations between individuals to a relatively philosophical exploration of life. Nevertheless, personality philosophers seem much often concerned with the unities among the persons. Since a theory helps in controlling, comprehending, explicating and predicting the reality, personality theories are those theories, which try to categorize people into distinct groups in terms of traits. In studying personality, verbal models come in handy. The personality theories comprise of the Locus of control, Personal Construct Psychology (PCP), Humanistic, Bio-psychological, Psychoanalytic, behaviorist and social cognitive theories (Barker Gower, 2010, p. 297). The concern of the paper is in the latter: the social cognitive theory. In this theory, people describe the behavior as directed by the expectations in the world. Cognitive theories of personality accentuate the cognitive processes like judgments and thoughts. The paper seeks to discuss the applications of social cognitive theory in skills and techniques, communication, basic problem-solving, ethnic diversity and its establishments using the helping relationship. Skills and techniques In social cognitive theory, the behavioral ability gives the facts and skills required in forming the desired behavior thus promoting mastery studying. A person can easily learn and retain the skills acquired through observation (Bitektine, 2011, p. 155). The social cognitive theory clarifies the concepts under which people obtain and or uphold certain behavioral patterns. The significance of such sequence of patterns is inevitable in the acquisition and application of skills. Otherwise, it also provides the foundation for intervention techniques that equips an individual with the correct techniques of reaching a solution to a specified problem. Assessing behavioral changes relies on the environmental aspects and the people’s behavior. Social cognitive theory presents skills and methods for planning, applying and evaluating different programs (Shu-ling Lin, 2007, p. 602). The environmental issues that provide the framework for unde rstanding a behavior are ether physical or social. Moreover, the social cognitive theory comprehends the mental signs of the environment, which influence an individual’s behavior.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More People may not be able to have a good perception of time, places and physical activities especially if they do not have cognitive skills. The environment may not constantly influence a certain behavior. Instead, it stands a chance to provide models for behavior. ‘‘Observational learning occurs when an individual observes the deeds of another person and the reinforcements, which the person obtains’’ (Barker Gower, 2010, p. 299). The ability of one’s behavior suggests that if a person is to execute a given observed conducts, he or she must acquaint himself or herself with the skills of performing it. In teaching, modeling is ver y important. It gives an alternative way of shaping and teaching new ideas. Operant conditioning uses unreliable shaping unlike social cognitive theory where modeling provides a faster and a more efficient technique for teaching new behavior. Otherwise, to promote effective modeling, teachers should make sure ‘‘that attention, retention, motor reproduction, and motivation’’ exist (Nga Sears, 2010, p. 1460). Self-regulation systems often give an effective method for improving the behavior of student. Nurturing an individual’s acceptable conducts requires not only skills and techniques as provided by the theory, but also good life skills for retention for instance communication skills. Communication The Social cognitive theory is applicable to health communication because it deals with the poignant, cognitive and behavioral facets in understanding behavioral transmutations. The principles and concepts of the social cognitive theory provide techniques for innovative behavioral investigation in health education (Sheldon Kennedy, 2008, p. 390). For instance, patients may perhaps create questions, which communicate their distress to health practitioners. Moreover, doctors employ self-efficacy ideas of social cognitive theory in helping patients drop some undesired behaviors using internal controls. In health reports, the theory supposes that people are more willing to believe in the information from others with similar conditions. As a result, the pain they suffer from reduces. Social cognitive theory finds its application in marketing and mass media. For instance, in marketing, one can use celebrities ‘‘to endorse and introduce a given product to a certain demographics’’ (Bitektine, 2011, p. 159). The media also uses social cognitive theory to promote the improvement of socioeconomic status and education in the developing nations. The theory stems the intended and unintended media effects. In addressing t he issue, the theory illustrates the influences the media has in determining the audience actions and conducts.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Personality Theory in the Implementation of the Helping Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The media educates people on undesirable behaviors through entertainments and health campaigns (Wingreen Blanton, 2007, p. 630). Consequently, majority will not be willing to engage in risky activities as those associated with punishment. Otherwise, when the media airs a harmful action without consequences, it may only strengthen the unwanted behaviors. Therefore, there is the need for it to participate much in solving rather than enhancing the evident behavioral problems. Basic problem solving In social cognitive theory, a person transfers the skills and knowledge acquired to solving various problems. Learning is speeded up when a person is able to examine the beha viors of others who are comparable to them (Bitektine, 2011, p. 162). Since the materials are within the socio-cultural awareness of the user, learning experience becomes more successful thereby boosting the possibility of the knowledge used in solving basic problems. Social cognitive theory also provides tactics used to cope with problems related to stress. Otherwise, a stress can adversely affect a person especially if he or she is not vanished with solution to such effects. Learning occurs when a person reflects upon and internalizes his or her accomplishments and failures. For instance, an individual can easily read a book on driving a car; however, he or she completes the learning only if the learner really drives successfully (Barker Gower, 2010, p. 300). The social cognitive theory postulates that a person completes learning when he or she reaches a solution to the related challenges. Through social cognitive theory, the learner will identify his or her ability to complete a challenging task. The theory provides a system that permits the learner to apply the information correctly and consistently in solving a problem. Self-regulation allows a person to organize his or her response when faced with externally inflicted stimuli. In order for behavioral adjustments to occur, the person must receive the feedback. In a learning setup, feedback techniques reinforce a behavior such that if the conduct is undesirable, then it is stopped (Nga Sears, 2010, p. 1465). Otherwise, the feedback becomes more sophisticated as the learners’ ability improve, thus enabling them improve and master the task. For instance, if the problem is to learn how to drive, the leaner needs to get a car on the road and apply the speed limits and signaling to achieve some good driving habits.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ethnic diversity People live in socio-cultural environment, which varies with their shared principles, conventions and social practices. Notwithstanding, they differ in their particular brands of individualism. Social cognitive theory compares the cultural differences from socialist to individualistic points of view. Moreover, the emotional mechanisms learnt in ‘‘a stimuli-response environment conducive to self-efficacy and observational learning remains facilitated by incorporating multimedia expressions of culturally responsive examples’’ (Shu-ling Lin, 2007, p. 605). In addition, the social cognitive theory helps in fostering good understanding between members of different ethnic backgrounds. Understanding and appreciating one’s culture creates harmonious existence of the people. As such, the complexity of the social problems reduces consequently due to the social theory. The diversity of the cultures makes them become dynamic social systems. The intercultural difference and intra-individual variation in the psychological orientation across the subject of functioning depicts cultural dynamism. The theory supposes that a person learns from others with similar traits (Barker Gower, 2010, p. 306). It thus seeks to find techniques of shaping human behavior in an advantageous manner. For instance, through social cognitive theory, schoolchildren learn desirable and undesirable social behaviors and morals by observing the conducts of different ethnic groups. The laxity and contextualization expresses the provisions of an individual’s behavior in a socially acceptable manner. Imitating and filtering values of a certain ethnic group is significant in promoting good morals in the society. Therefore, it encourages a communal life rather than eroding it. A person with ‘‘resilient efficacy and strong pro-social purpose often subordinates self-interest to the benefit of others’’ (Sheldon Kennedy, 2008, p. 392). For instance, parents in deprived environment with resilient source of efficiency decline to have their children development dictated by unfavorable circumstances. They therefore pass their influence on to things, which matter through imaginative effort and self-sacrifices. The adversities besiege people especially in an attempt to change their lives for the better through joint effort. Social cognitive conjecture eliminates dualism between personal action and ethereal collective configuration due to racial gusto. Since poverty is a socioeconomic aspect, which does not work in secluded causation, financial circumstances and family makeup influence behavior through their impacts on people’s sense of worth and aspirations. As people imitate the behavior of others, the theory promotes the spirit of sharing and peaceful coexistence of the groups. As a result, they nurture suitable methods of eradicating poverty-related problems. Establishments using the helping relations hip The ethics that and individual places on a given result and intrinsic motivation are very important. The significance of incentives in fostering a good can should be overemphasized. There are several opportunities ‘‘for self-monitoring, goal setting, problem solving, and self-reward’’ (Wingreen Blanton, 2007, p.643). Such prospects become important in understanding the relationship between the concepts. The social cognitive theory uses relationships that often relate to the societal problems. Precise and reliable approaches thus give solution to such challenges. The acquisition of behavior occurs by examination of the deeds and effects of others’ manners, which include realistic role models of the targeted group. A person’s action that changes the likelihood of reoccurrence promotes self-initiated incentives (Sheldon Kennedy, 2008, p. 396). He or she becomes confident in performing a particular behavior; by applying relationships and met hods, which ensure success. However, the negative relationships might still exist between the expected result and the presentation. Conclusion Social cognitive theory principally rejects behaviorism. As such, it decreases behaviorism from complex human conduct to simple cause and effect. Conversely, the propensity in times of yore has been to amalgamate the two into an ample speculation (Bitektine, 2011, p. 178). Notwithstanding, therapists employ the techniques from social cognitive and behaviorist theories to help their clients. Social cognitive theory is simply a subset of cognitive theory whose concerns is mostly on the manners in which people learn to model the behavior of others. Teachers and parents must model appropriate behaviors and take care that they do not model inappropriate behaviors. In education, teachers should expose learners to a range of models, which provide important techniques of smashing conformist stereotypes. The theory has various applications. The advert isements campaign in peer pressure circumstances uses social cognitive theory especially when reinforcing a certain acceptable behavior. In addition, it is helpful in the ‘‘treatment of psychological disorders including phobias’’ (Wingreen Blanton, 2007, p. 647). Social cognitive theory can also be helpful in ensuring successful AIDS campaign particularly with a suitable age group, proper gender and ethnicity. The adolescents will learn and understand because of peer influence. The conviction in a person’s personal ability often does not produce genuine assistances especially if the person requires a certain skill stage. Therefore, one cannot rely on a single theory to make a realistic conclusion of personality, as all the theories seem interrelated. References Barker, R., Gower, K. (2010). Strategic Application of Storytelling in Organizations: Toward Effective Communication in a Diverse World. Journal of business  Communication, 47(3), pp. 295 -312. Bitektine, A. (2011). Toward a Theory social Judgment of Organizations: The Case of Legitimacy, Reputation, and Status. Academy of Management Review, 36(1), pp. 151-179. Nga, E., Sears, G. (2010). The Effect of Adverse Impact in Selection Practices on Organizational Diversity. International Journal of Human Resource  Management, 21(9), pp. 1454-1471. Sheldon, L., Kennedy, E. (2008). Application of a model of Social Information Processing Nursing Theory: How Nurses Respond to Patients. Journal of  Advanced Nursing, 64(4), pp. 388-398. Shu-ling, W., Lin, S. (2007). The Application of Social Cognitive Theory to web-based Learning through Net Ports. British Journal of Educational Technology, 38(4), pp. 600-612. Wingreen, S., Blanton, J. (2007). A social Cognitive Interpretation of Person-Organization fitting: The Maintenance and Development of Professional Technical Competency. Human Resource Management, 46(4), pp.631-650. This research paper on Personality Theory in the Implementation of the Helping Process was written and submitted by user Abdiel Gentry to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

My assignment Essays

My assignment Essays My assignment Essay My assignment Essay My assignment is to reflect on what happens to you cognitively, linguistically, emotionally, and socially as you take part in online discussions(using Blackboard) , and to describe the kind of learning you experienced. It is always good to compare the experience of online discussion with what happens in the regular, face-to-face component of the class. You are to reflect globally on your experiences of the asynchronous discussions. I am interested in your comparison of the online written discussions to the oral discussions we are having in class, to any signs you notice that we are influenced by these written modes when we are in oral mode, whatever, I would expect to see some reference to the ideas we are reading about and discussing in class as you describe your own reaction to engaging in these kinds of discussions.I had three times asynchronous online discussions using blackboard (bulletin board) with my classmate in the semester. We were divided 4group by professor. We didn†™t meet in our classroom on those three days. Next class, we discussed about written discussion during 10minutes. We are to post three comments each day. One comment is to answer about professors’ question and two comments are to reflection about classmate’s comment. I read and post comments that represent a thought, or critical response, or question, or connection to other ideas you’ve formed in the past, in response to one of our reading.For the self-analysis paper, you just need to type up a description of your learning comparing how you learned on the online discussion versus the class discussion.Example: You reflect on how you read the articles in preparation for (or during) the asynchronous discussion.- Do you feel you understand those articles better, less well, or the same when compared to how you prepared for previous regular oral discussion? How would you describe your overall feelings about the asynchronous written discussion we just had (the second one) in terms of the following:a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the degree of involvement (as defined as psychological engrossment) you feltb.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the degree of enjoyment you experiencedc.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the degree to which you felt the discussion was useful to your learingMy background:I am an international Ph. D student (Korean).In class:I have been a thinker rather than a talker in most discussions. I don’t like speaking in front of many people. I learn the content I learn in class while listening to others verbalizes their ideas. Sometime, it’s not clear whether I understand certain content, but after listening to others’ personalized examples, it becomes clear.Online discussion:I can read all classmates’s thinking.ALSO, the professor often visited blackboard and she is too responsive to each comment.The attached file is Self-Analysis questionnaire.First, you must check each question of the attached file (questionnaire).Briefly exp lanationSecond, you have to write reflection paper based on the questionnaire and above explanation.First written discussionMy Comment: I never realized that there is so much affective traffic in the â€Å"classroom discussion boulevard.† This research also makes me understand how classroom discussion flows from contextual and personal factors to outputs of the discussion. Classroom discussion is not a simple sharing of thoughts! I have been a â€Å"thinker† rather than a talker in most discussions. I wanted to contribute to group discussions, but it was hard to do. The anxiety of talking in discussion was too high for me even though the student who usually being a talker may enjoy the challenge. So, I would like to raise a question about encouraging discussion. When I was a teacher, I wanted to assist a child to have an opportunity to tell her thought, but the appointed child burst into tears because of tension. I am wondering how I can make a thinker to express his/h er thought freely.Professor: As much as I try to be friendly and encourage MY students to feel comfortable in the discussion whether thinking as you call it or talking, I also have had it where a student started to cry rather than speak. Made me feel bad!I do think there are ways to get students to become more comfortable smaller groups, allow some reflection time, have everyone share what theyre quietly thought about and perhaps written down, giving the quiet student a leading role on a topic she is enthusiastic about, that sort of thing. But you do have to be sensitive and not get into a tug-of-war in the moment just for the sake of forcing the student to speak up!Second written discussionSubject: Constructivist views of learningMy Comment: I would like to talk about the two teachers’ story of â€Å"Expertise as Process.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"A typical day is full of anxiety and boredom,† says Csikszentmihalyi.â€Å"Flow experiences provide the flashes of intense living aga inst this dull background.†Flow occurs when a person skill level is perfectly balanced to the challenge level of a task. I think that the two teachers, Margot and Cynthia, have not so much challenge in their teaching lives because they are quite familiar and have enough skill in their job.How can they experience flow? Because they are in the Boredom area in the Flow chart of Csikszentmihalyi (please see the chart in the hand-out of Sep. 6th), there is two way that they can return to the flow channel. Firstly, they can enjoy if they can reduce their skill level. However, it seems impossible. Hence, the only clue to rescue them from the boredom is to increase the level of challenge. I think two types of challenge may be given to them. The first one is external reward. Promotion or bonus money through their students’ evaluation or academic achievement can be the motivation for the teachers.The second one is intrinsic motivation. I thought that the teachers would be more in volve in their teaching for its own sake if they could monitor the improvement of their students. The teachers can be rewarded internally if students and/or parents wrote thank you letter to them. Moreover, school district should develop some tool that helps teachers monitor their students’ improvement.;Me: Wilcox revealed that teachers have different expectation and treatment between upper middle class children and lower middle class children. Result of Rist and Collin are similar. Do teachers treat students differently by their parents ¿ social economy status or income? The relationship between student’s SES and academic achievement has been recognized as positive. Even though Collins insists that teachers ¿ responses differ by children’s class rather than by their skills, the lower class children of those studies can be classified as low achievement children in general. It means, teacher may treat students differently by their academic achievement, school behavior, and/or background. Looking back my elementary and secondary school years, teachers responded gently students from high SES families. However, some students from low SES families were loved by teachers because they got high achievement in academic tests.Hence, I guess we will have different picture if a research that investigate the different effects of student’s background, academic achievement, and school behavior.;Professor’s comment:   remember that the Rist article (I think thats the one) was reporting that the teachers were assigning the kids to different groups after one week of kindergarten. I know teachers can pick up a lot in one week with a child but that seems pretty fast to have decided who would be in the high, medium, and low reading group! So Panofsky is arguing that yes it may be achievement but the separation occurs too early to have it that the teacher would be going solely on achievement.Your comment raises another thought: So do teacher s, in your experience, ever love students who do average or below average work?Professor’s post: And, I want to add, teachers who are more aware of the fact that its partly a cultural and use of language difference rather than laziness or stupidity will slowly help ALL kids, even those from the majority social class, see that there are these beautiful differences in the world and that our job is to appreciate them all.Have any of you ever been in a position where you felt others were treating in a sense as a member of marked monority? It happened to me once when I went on a job interview and the weird thing is that I felt stupid and I couldnt figure out how to get out of that groove! It was so weird!Me: Dr. S,   I totally agree with you. The children from Low SES families should be given more opportunity than now. It is very important for them and for all. The children have the right to enjoy their school life. However, the children and their teachers have distinct achievem ent goals  Ã‚  under NCLB. Moreover, some kindergarteners should pass unlawfull elementary schools entrance screening. Im wondering how much the teachers can.My classmate: I see many of my excellent friends learned very well and quickly whoever the teachers are. As a non self-motivated student, the first thing I blame when I am not making good performance is the teacher. (What a shame on me!) Information nowadays is easy to access, and everyone has chance to become independent learners. But guiders are still needed to internalize information for learners.Me: Definitely discussion is more ZPD style than workwheets. Not only studnet, but also teacher should be familiar with each others culture. Both culture should be respected in their classroom. However, childrens some practices and customs from a culture should be reviewed and that is educators work. Teachers cultural bias, of course, should be revisited by herself and from any other route. Hence, I think it is not easy to positio n between respecting a culture and providing a new value. My Assignment Essays My Assignment Essay My Assignment Essay Hostel Management System We have two hostels in our Limkokwing University of Creative Technology (LUCT), which consist hostel in faculty and hostel outside of the faculty. These two hostels at present are managed manually by the hostel office. The Registration form verification to the different data processing is done manually. Thus there are a lot of repetitions which can be easily avoided. And hence there is a lot of strain on the person who are running the hostel and software’s are not usually used in this context. This particular project deals with the problems on managing a hostel and avoids the problems which occur when carried manually. Identification of the drawbacks of the existing system leads to the designing of computerized system that will be compatible to the existing system with the system which is more user-friendly and better organized. We can improve the efficiency of the system, thus overcome the drawbacks of the existing system. Advantages of Hostel Management System Student Hostel Management System is useful to perform the complete Hostel Management functionalities of any of the faculty of the university. * Base file Hostel creation, Block creation and Room Facility are defined in master file. * Other Main process such as Room location, Room Change and Room facilities are available in this Hostel Management System. Functional Feature:- * Creation of Building and Block information. * Provision for creating various room types (Single amp; Shared ). Room allotment to the student. * Online vacancy position of the room. * Student leave registers. * Monitoring Visitors and Guest register. * Provision for monitoring the student hostel activities. * Transfer of rooms Review about the current hostel managing system LUCT are using manual way in all their working activities, those activities includes using pen and paper to kept their hostel tenant records, using pen and paper to kept result information’s. Inadequate way of interaction with their students and management:- The way that the student is booking and canceling the hostel for every semester seems to be totally outdated and from the LUCT point of view is time consuming and not economically because if student needs to view their status on hostel, no matter how the far is, he must walk in to the management and make a cash payment for booking, which will cost them a lot of transport money and waste their time, and the poor thing here is some times the students may come from far away for them to booking the hostel room. Project Goals and Objectives As our main objective is providing LUCT an online hostel management system, we define some sub-objectives which will give clearer, fastest responds and make hostel file maintenance perfect. Those sub-objectives as follow: 1. Allow students to reserve their rooms from anywhere in the world. 2. Make payments via online. 3. Checking their room status via online. 4. Withdraw a room request online. 5. Maintain their hostel accounts via online. Project Scope The system will be finish in December 2010, and will be in use from January 2011. We will link this system with current student portal of Limkokwing, where we can restrict unknown users. After implementation of this system, for students who applying from overseas, Registry will give their student ID number earlier where a overseas student can book or reserve his hostel from his country in order to reduce trouble after he arrived to Limkokwing. This system will give accurate reports whenever administer needs and also it will provide some data like how many students are currently staying in hostel and clear view of hostel location for new student’s satisfaction.

Service Encounter Jounals (Service Marketing) Essay - 1

Service Encounter Jounals (Service Marketing) - Essay Example lue formation, greater participation of customers in manufacture procedure, other people may shape part of product experience, better variability in ready inputs and outputs, numerous services are hard for customers to assess, service products are short-lived and cannot be inventoried, time factor is additional important, release systems comprise electronic and bodily channels. Two good ways to decide if a customer is miserable is, first, they dont want to disburse for a high-quality or service, and two, and they bad mouth and protest about an industry. Complaints can harm a companys picture. Word-of-mouth complaining is bad sufficient, but at the present there are web sites that provide to open forums of customers real or likely grumblings. A web site for Sprint clientele offers clientele and employees to inform their stories. "So whether you are [a] discontented employee, or ex-employee, a client who has been slammed, crowded, [miss]-charged, spoken to rudely, unnoticed, or have received simple old awful service, you can inform your story and well place it here." (Sprint) This venting opening can depiction a corporation for its wrong doing, or on the other hand, it can cast a shadow of hesitation on an ethically run industry unjustly. So what behaviors do bad clientele have, besides not paying and awful mouthing? There are clientele that do not have the where-with-all to uphold control when they are annoyed. They can become orally abusive, and in a number of cases, physically rude. Owner Kevin Wyman of Off-road Outlet Inc. communal, "Into every commerce owners lap a few easier said than done customers have to fall. Once youve been on the in receipt of end of their ire, you be acquainted with why theyre called clientele from hell." (McCune) Learning how to administer these types of clientele can alleviate stress for the clientele and workers. Customers that are unaccustomed of foodstuffs or services can be grievant. Many times there are prospect that dont get

Marketing Audit Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Audit - Research Paper Example Newness in the product signifies minor modification of the existing product that is new to the world and can also create new market for the organization. Higher the degree of newness, higher is the chances of failure or success. On one hand the newness can bring success for the organization by increasing the sales and profit, whereas on the other hand, it may lead to high cost and failure that can create problems for the business (Cravens and Piercy, 2010). This study focuses on conducting a marketing audit for a customised car that can serve many purposes at the same time. This car serves the purpose of multifunction and customization that offers the owner with the opportunity of using and transforming the car in a variety of new designs. It can serve the function of both city car and pick up. Toyota has shown interest in launching this car and in this regards the marketing audit has been conducted. About Toyota Toyota Motor Corporation is one of the world’s most favourable a nd leading manufacturers of automobile. It is the market leader in developing technologically advanced and environmental friendly cars. Toyota Motor Company was officially launched and started up by Kiichiro Toyoda in the year 1937 (Borowski, 2010). In the year 1952 the company experienced exponential growth and become successful. After this success the company began to export cars to South America and five years after this achievement, the company gained firm ground in the automobile market of North America. Entering the market of US proved to be a breakthrough for Toyota in terms of automobile export. In the year 1982, Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) was formed by collaborating Toyota Motor Sales Company with Toyota Motor Company. Currently the company has nearly 522 subsidiaries all over the worlds with about 320,808 staff and having their manufacturing unit not only in Japan but also in 51 other locations spread over 26 countries (Borowski, 2010). In the year 2007 Toyota Motor Co rporation has the highest share price value among all the car manufacturers. In the year 2008 the company recorded total sales of 8.972 million cars generating an annual turnover of $239.4 billion. In the same year the organization was recognised as the biggest manufacturer in the automobile industry (Borowski, 2010). Marketing Audit Marketing audit is described as the process of â€Å"comprehensive, systematic, independent and periodic examination of a company’s or business unit’s marketing environment, objectives, strategies and activities with a view of determining problem areas and opportunities and recommending a plan of action to improve the company’s marketing performance† (Avasarikar and Chordiya, 2007, p. 4.15). The profitability of the organization can be increased by conducting marketing audit before launching a new product in the existing or new market (Kotler and Keller, 2012). In this regards the strength, weakness, opportunities and threat of the product and the organization has been identified. Strength The major strength of the product is customisation. The owner of the car can use this in a variety of ways serving numerous purposes. The owner can use it as a pick up van and as a common city car at the same time. The car has got innovative features that can attract the customers. It is

Environmental factors that influence Sony Corporation

Environmental factors that influence Sony Corporation Sony Corp. History and introduction Sony was founded in 1946 by Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita. With a mix of a inimitable blend of product innovation and marketing savvy, both of them form a company that eventually grow into more than $60 billion global organization. (Sony, 2010) With branches all over the world and with an annual revenue about 68.39 billion US dollars, it can be considered as a huge company. The companys headquarters are situated in Shinagawa, Tokyo. It is one of the leaders in the field of electronic equipment, communication and information technology (IWALOM LIMITED, 2010). In this assignment, we will discuss about the macro and micro environmental factors that might influence Sonys company. Macro environmental factors Political factor Political factors could have a direct impact on the ways Sony operates. Government often makes new decisions involving policy or legislation and it affect daily business In the directive of businesses, the political factors have a huge influence. An example of political factors that affects Sony which includes government laws is minimum wage law. This would affect Sony as the minimum wage law keeps changing every year. As in the same time product cost also keeps on changing, this will make Sony facing losses. Due to various governmental regulations in the different countries, Sony has to adapt different strategies in the countries it operates. Sony had passed a Global Policy On Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) in 1998. It deals with group standard and shows Sonys cares about the health and safety of its employees. It also requires fullfilment with all the laws regarding ooccupational health and safety. (Sony Corporation, 2009). To manage the chemicals which the use of it is controlled by goverment ennvironmental legislation use at sites, a group-wide common approach is developed by Sony. Sony not only manage the chemicals used but also the amount released into the air, water and soil in order to not affect the environment. Sony sites apply internal standards based on Japans Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) (Sony Corporation, 2009). Among Class 1 substances, Sony used 412 kilograms of mercury as an additive in button batteries and 30 kilograms of lead solder, which is used in certain exceptional cases, including automotive applications. Sony used perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) that is Class 2 substances in semiconductor fabrication in fiscal year 2009, but eliminated this substance in March 2010. Class 3 chemical substances are volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and greenhouse gases. The Sony Groups target in terms of the atmospheric release of VOCs is to achieve an absolute reduction of 40% or more from the fiscal year 2000 level by fiscal year 2010. In fiscal year 2009, Sony released approximately 1,190 tons of Class 3 chemical substances, which is 204 tons less than in fiscal year 2008 and 35% less than in fiscal year 2000. The principal factor behind this decline was the implementation of production adjustments in response to the global economic downturn. With new semiconductor fabrication facilities expected to come on line, Sony expects emissions of Class 3 substances to increase and will take steps to counteract these increases, including installing gas scrubbing equipment and amending production processes. (Sony Corporation, 2009) This is how Sony Corporation manage all the harmful chemicals used by them. Lastly, political factors could have a direct impact on the ways Sony operates. The impact that could impact Sony Corporation is an international company and in all countries the leadership style is different. Sony utilsed a Global Policy On Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) in 1998. It shows Sonys cares about the health and safety of its employees. Sony not only manage the chemicals used but also the amount released into the air, water and soil in order to not affect the environment.Although Sony use three class of chemical substances which are quite harmful for their products, but Sony have taken a full measures to make sure not harming the environment This shows Sony Corporation cares about the environment and also obey goverment rules that is do not harm the environment. Lastly, Sony Corporation is an international company that does business in the whole world. It is important for Sony to follow all the rules implied by the goverment. Social factors Demographic and cultural aspects includes in the social factors of the external environment. Sony has also been affected by social issues from time to time. This is mainly because Sony has so widely expanded into different cultures and different markets that it tends to become hard to deal with all the diversity. The social factors which influences Sony varies in each country. These show the customers needs and the size of the potential markets in every country. Social factors such as health consciousness of customers and consumer health rates might affect Sony. Usually the older population may not be interested in the latest Sony Products which includes more advance technology despite the better income they may receive, they are more interested in the simplicity of the products they buy. Countries such as third world countries, for example some Asian and African countries may not be able to afford to buy Sony products which are quite expensive products. Instead these consumers will on the other hand buy a cheaper brand. Home life changes have a big influence on attitudes and expectations of consumer. Nowadays, telephone and catalogue sales are increasingly popular. Lately many youths demand better features such as better access to entertainments in their electronic products. This creates a demand for Sonys products such as Play Station Portable (PSP) and Sony MP3 Player. Research shows that by 2005 Japans population will be over age of 65. Thus, Sony home-care robots for elders will soon be a social necessity (Kunii, I. M. and Port, O., 2001). Lastly, social factor is one of the factors that affect Sonys business. The social factors which influences Sony varies in each country. These show the customers needs and the size of the potential markets in every country. Social factor involve customers income, attitude, behaviour and other factors of a customer. It is important for Sony to fully understand and know well about customer. So that, they can target their specific product to which type of consumer they want to sell. Ecological Environment Climate change is something unpredictable and unchangeable. It might become a threat to Sony corporate activities and also society. Generally, it is also give a chance to Sony an opportunity to become one of the solutions. Sony tackle climate change is an important commitment for them. this is to ensure their business continuity. Sony strongly believes that there is a need for protect the environment. Moreover, responses and eco conscious actions must be taken before it gives impact to Sony Company. For instance, rising sea levels and abnormal weather which cause by climate change could predict the underlying physical risks. Furthermore, the markets might change a flow, as their perceptions change to another purchasing trend. Sony has realized this problem where it could be social and financial ramifications, so to deal with legal and regulatory developments; the Company is evaluating the risks and also be alert to solve this problem anytime. For example, the Company started to collect information on laws and regulation in force in different countries to make sure that activities and products are match with the existing requirements. Moreover, climate change might influence Sony existing opportunities. An obvious example is the highly use of products boasting improved energy efficiency ratings to help minimize the factors that spur climate change (Sony, 2011). Sonys electronics products mainly contain few hundred or thousand parts that made from chemical substances. If these parts are not handed well, it may harm the environment. To prevent such environmental harm, Sony has set up necessary procedures according with the EUs Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) Regulations requirement. So, Sony follows the JIB initiative (Joint Industry Guide) to collect data on certain chemical substances that buy from suppliers. At last, Sony follows the survey response tool by JGPSSI (Japanese Green Procurement Survey Standardization Initiative) for materials declaration that contains information on the parts, purpose of use and so on (Sony, 2011). Sony should obey the rules and laws to continue their business and also to preserve the environment. Additionally, Sony has to think more solution to face the climate change and ways to protect the environment. Environment technology Sony is working hard on their products to reduce the effect towards the environment. It is to decrease the total energy that used and also reduce the resource in their product, such as BRAVIA and VAIO. Moreover, Sony has an effective supply chain management of controlling, reducing, and eliminating the use of chemical substances on their products. For instance, recycled plastic in product and the development of vegetables based product. All these are to preserve the environment being polluted (Sony, 2011). Sony has compliance lab at Stuttgart, Germany which specialize in efficient and accurate of chemical compounds and materials that can match with their electronic products. Among their initiatives, they are using more and more recycled materials, and renewable energy in factories and offices which use around 32 sites in Europe alone itself. However, starting 2010, Sonys objective is to maintain sustainable consumer electronic brand. Moreover, they are also wish to continue their success work in 2009. The main purpose of the eco activity is to show that technology can overcome the climate change and how they can help with the change. So, Sony office, warehouses and manufacturing around Europe have cut down CO2 emissions drastically, but they are still aiming to cut down more 10% emission for UK specific sites. Sony has established green teams in the UK businesses where people coordinate activity and the communication at different sites. This includes cutting general power consumption i n facilities and offices, employee travel especially flights. Additionally, some of the effort and new ways can bring former costs down and help reconstruct business models in a different economical ways. Nowadays, people are more concern companies environment standpoint. Companies which are environmentally friendly, practices, products, and services are being seen by the buyers and also stakeholders (GreenPacks.org, 2011). Sony Europe is applying their eco thinking so that they can maximize the use of the renewable energy. Sony uses renewable energy is to reduce carbon dioxide emission. In year 2008, a record shown that a reduction of 55,216 tons of CO2 emissions in Europe, itself (92,000 tons globally). Sony uses shipping more efficiently by reducing the packaging and the size towards less CO2 intensive forms of transport such as barge transport (Sony, 2011). Next is about dye sensitized solar cell. It can produce electricity by converting energy from light. This type of cell is produced by low cost materials so manufacturing expenditures will be lower. Moreover, vegetable based plastic can last long and fire resistant which is suitable use for durable consumer goods. Sony has decided use this material in year 2002 for walkman cases use. After that, it has been widely used in different products including DVD players, VAIO devices and so on (Sony, 2011). It is undeniable that technologies can help to protect the environment, so Sony should take this advantage to maximize the use of technology and contribute it to the environment. The uses of technology can reduce carbon dioxide; apparently can avoid green house effect. Customer No customer there is no business. Customer satisfaction will be a target of company. SONY business can improve customer satisfaction. (David Eaves, 2010) If we make the customer feel that they are special, customer will be appreciate us and help in increase our dividends in business with support our product. (Adhijik Naik, 2011) For example, SONY camera gives a high quality services to customers and meet their needs. Sonys promoter will give more details and information to customers when they have question or problem with buying SONY camera. Information about SONY camera will attract their interested in SONY camera and needs. They will feel more satisfy when using SONY camera. Then their satisfaction will be achieved through SONY camera. So, customers are very important in our business because they can easily influence our level of business. Then, with customer it will increase sales by up selling and cross selling other products. (David Eaves, 2010) Up selling means promote the product to attractive customer to buy it while cross selling means sell the product in another branch. SONY will have an excellent profit and their sales will increased with loyal customer to support it. For example, SONYs promoter describes the function and advantages of SONY camera to customer and compared with another product. They use their technique to persuade customer such as cheaper prices or special package of SONY camera. Besides, customer can satisfy and increasing requires of business on the need to efficiently route and apply fresh idea. Customer can also help in increasing business revenue. (Gaynor Borade, non-year) For example, customer will purchase the SONY camera and SONY Company will earn profit from them and their business will achieve a high target. SONY Company also always creates some new fresh function of SONY camera to attractive customer to purchase in order to earn profit and their loyalty to SONY camera. So, SONY Company will have a stable commerce with emergence of the customer. In addition, customer can become addition of the businesss behavior. Thats mean customer enable the entrepreneur to observe the growth of business into dream mission planned. (Gaynor Borade, non-year) To success in a business, entrepreneur always observe customers needs, wants, and demands in order to make a strong strategy to attain achievement. For example, they create the SONY camera according to customers favourite for instance different colour of camera and it will attract them to purchase it even improve business environment to better. From the analysis above, it is obviously that customer is very important to SONY Company because customers needs, wants, and demands even their response will influence the SONY camera will be purchased or not. More customers there will higher market value of SONY camera while fewer customers there will lowest market value of SONY camera. Supplier Suppliers always work as equal partner and building relationships according to mutual trust (Sony Corporation, 2011). A supplier can satisfy a market function when he creates a new relationship with customer and partners. (Walter A., 2003) For example, suppliers promote and transmit the SONY camera to partners and have a good communication with them when they are selling SONY camera to customer. When partners satisfy with supplier and SONY camera then they will continue have a business with them in order to satisfy a market function. After that, Sony strengthens relationship with suppliers in make stronger technological capability, guarantee and advancing the quality of parts and sustaining competitive prices. Besides that, Sony manage and observing Sony Group Environmental Vision together with supplier in order to protect the global environment and realize a sustainable culture. (Sony Corporation, 2011) So, suppliers have strong bargaining power in SONY Company. Suppliers are very important in developing new technology of SONY camera in SONY Company. Sony Company always creates and supply camera to customers in order to fulfil their needs, wants and demands. So, suppliers are important to become Sony partners to provide the product to customers and create a value in SONY Company. When supplier provides different prices and materials of SONY camera then it will affect competitive among SONY. Then SONY Companys business will reduced and less profit will be gained. So, SONY Company are always expects supplier to provide items at greatly reasonable prices and make a concentrated effort to decrease cost. (Sony Corporation, 2011) Lastly, it shows that supplier is vital in SONY companies. It plays a role in building relationship and strengthens it among customer and SONY product. Suppliers service will bring good outcomes for SONY companies and get a well performance in the market. Intermediaries Retailer and wholesaler are included in intermediaries. Regarding to SONYs website analysis, without intermediaries there is a difficult to get SONY product. (Sony electronics Inc, 2011) For example, intermediaries need to purchase SONY camera from SONY Company and set an acceptable prices even a quality package of SONY camera in order to fulfil customer and let them easy to purchase SONY camera. These processes are vital in a business. Through research of SONYs website, retailer is also helps customer to prevent from buying low quality product. When customer purchase SONY camera from retailer, they can be assured that they are purchasing a high quality product. Retailer can confirm quality of SONY camera and provide warranty for customers. If retailer fulfil customer satisfaction there will achieve a high level of business because of high responses from SONY customer. So, retailer can assure customers to have greatest experience when buying a SONY camera from reseller. (Sony electronics Inc, 2011) With SONYs analysis, SONY retailers can produce assistance in setting up customers products and provide a good customer service to them. They can provide a good customer experience that can helps the customers to make a right decision. SONYs retailer also can assist in sending the value products and service to customers when they buy a SONY camera. (Sony electronics Inc, 2011) For example, retailer can help them and explain the whole SONY cameras function and uses to them and introduce them a good quality product that suitable them and satisfy their needs when they want buy camera. A good service such as talk politely to customer will persuade and influence customer to purchase it. So, retailer is important for customer. From the analysis above, retailer is strongly to help in SONY companies to get a high value in the market. They try to give a good performance to customer and try to meet customers needs. Retailers also fulfil customers requirement. So, retailer is quite vital and their service will be appreciated by customers. Competitors It is crucial for Sony Corporation to watch attentively to its competitor so that they can maintain its position in the market. Sony Corporation has two types of competitor, that is, direct competitor and indirect competitor. Direct competitors are organisations that produce similar products and services (wiseGEEK, 2011). Nokia, Motorola, Canon, Fuji Photo are all examples of direct competitors to Sony (Upvery.com, 2010). Indirect competitors are firms producing different types of products but satisfy the same needs (Rich Harshaw, 2011) of customers. The indirect competitor of Sony is video iPod. In which Sony PSP and iPod produced similar striking feature (Frank Hedley, 2008). Other competitors, especially in the software industry are Microsoft. To maintain its competitive edge, Sony keeps updating the products with latest technologies that make it stable and sustainable over its competitors. The use of advanced technology in products has raised the quality and uniqueness, and has resulted in a mark demand increase. Though other competitors may seemed to be a threat to Sony Corporation, however with the fast paced advance in technology and the unstable global economy, Sony has embarked on collaboration and strategic alliance with its main competitors. Sony is in joint venture with Sony Ericsson which itself is a threat for new market entrants (Butod, 2010). Advanced use of technology in Sony products such as Game Consoles, Video Equipment and Mobile, and continuous production, switching costs and product differentiation has made Sony rather unbeatable in the electronic industry. Apart from forming strategic alliances with its competitors, Sony has reviewed its manufacturing priorities and streamlined its resources to produce electronic products that are in greater demand and has continued producing differentiated products which could ensure its competitive advantage. As reiterated above, Sonys ongoing process and product innovation has made it almost impossible for any current competitors and new entrant to compete them successfully, and this will be the core factor that will ensure Sonys dominance in electronic products consumer market. Thus, despite threats of current competitors and new entrants to the market, Sony Corporation is one of the worlds leading producers of electronic products. Approximately eighty (80) percent of hand-held computers in the United States operate on a Sony operating system while Microsoft which is a major competitor has only sixteen (16) percent of market share. Sony Corporation has hardware market share of sixty (60) % (2002), and other major competitors, Handspring is using Sonys operating system, and hold about 7% and 14% market shares respectively. (Butod, 2009). Government The government imposed regulations to ensure business transactions are conducted in a fair and just manner. Legislations that are passed often influences the productions possibilities of a company and hence the type of goods and services that can be offered to the consumers. Apart from the above, the government also enforce taxation to collect revenue that will maintain itself and supply public services that may be needed by companies such as Sony. For example, Sonys income taxes benefit amounts to $19billion resulting in an effective rate of 10% in Oct 30, 2009 (wikinvest, 2009). In addition to the governments role in regulating companies and taxation, the government also plays a major role in ensuring companies observe corporate social responsibility. An example of Sony taking over public responsibilities is the attitude of how Sony enthusiastically engages themselves in activities related to environment and climate changes. Sony plans to cut down 7% or more of CO2 gas emission comparing to the fiscal year of 2000 levels (Sony Corporation, 2009). In July 2006, Sony joined the WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature) with companies that plan and also carry out efforts to reduce greenhouse gases. By participating in this program, Sony is committed to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and lower the product annual energy consumption. In short, Sony maintain corporate social responsibility, and though it incurs cost, but in the long run it ensures business sustainability. The Financial Community Shareholders are very important for Sony Company because they support the organizations future expansion. There are two types of shareholders, that is private and institutional. As seen in the chart below, a major portion of Sonys shareholders are the corporation itself (60.18%), followed by foreign investors (27.27%) and subsequently financial institutions (8.74%) (Sony Financial Holdings, 2010). Figure 1: Ownership and distribution of share Resource: http://www.sonyfh.co.jp/en/financial_info_e/shareholder_e/shareholder.html Sony cooperation has to consider the needs and hope of possible investors. The shareholder share represents a certain small percentage of ownership in the company therefore, stockholders has the right to obtain certain percentage of the companys profits in the form of dividends (Farlex, 2009). As in Sony, one of its important management task is to increase in returns to its shareholders, as well as return on equity. Its basic policy on returning profits to its shareholders is to maintain the trust of current shareholders and attract new ones, as well as securing enough retained earnings for future business expansion. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2010, Sony provided the year-end cash dividend of  ¥3,000 per share of Sony Financial Holdings totaling to  ¥6,525 million as approved at the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders on June 25, 2010. With regards to its retained earnings, Sony has planned to utilize it in exploring new business, including the establishment of an individual annuities subsidiary, investing in information technology systems accompanied by business expansions (Sony Financial Holdings, 2010). Thus, with Sonys dominance in the electronic company, and its high returns to shareholders and retained earnings, Sony is not only able to generate high profits with its current business ventures, but has also sufficient funds to ensure its future expansion in the competitive industry. In conclusion, Sony must not be harming the environment and human being as they are using a lot of chemical substances in their product. Next, they must proper dispose their chemical waste. Furthermore, Sony should cooperate with supplier, government to continue their business and also to compete with their competitors. Sony also has to change their strategy in every country to boost their sales.